What We Thought About What We Thought
MAIN IDEA: What is the chapter mostly about?
This chapter is mostly about the doctors trying to figure out Phineas' brain out. Also importantly they are trying to find out how Phineas is still alive, and still able to do the normal thing we do in our daily lives. The doctors want to find which end the poll hit him and from which side of the head it came out of. Over all they are trying to understand the brain and what's its capable of doing, and which part do what. This is what the main idea. Of ch.2 is mainly about.
VOCABULARY: What important words should the reader know to understand the text? (Use the Glossary to help you.)
1) Daguerreotype: A photograph on a metal plate
"Josiah Hawes sets up his camera in a surgical operating theater and takes a "daguerreotype"" (p.36)
2) Specimen: Individual animal, plant, piece of a mineral
"He is Dr.Bigelow's guest but also his prize specimen." (p.38)
3) Philoprogenitiveness: Parental Love
"If you have a dip or a depression over you Organ of Philoprogenitiveness" (p.56)
4) Phrenology: Detailed study of shaped and size of cranium
"Dr.Gall called up his brain science "Phrenology"" (p.53)
5) Cortex: Link of memory to remember, learn, imagine, read, speak, listen, and dream.
"In the cortex you feel your emotions and you make sense of what your senses are telling you." (p.42)
6) Cerebellum: Part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates
"Without the cerebellum, you couldn't walk upright, touch your finger with you nose, or turn this page." (p.42)
IMPORTANT INFORMATION: What important or significant facts/information should the reader know to understand the chapter? Provide notes (bullet points are okay) about the chapter to inform a potential reader (At least 12 facts - be sure and put information copied in quotation marks and provide a source).
AUTHOR'S PURPOSE: Why did the author include this chapter? (Entertain, persuade, inform?)
I think the author wrote this chapter to show the process on how they know the different times of brains, how it works, and how the brain works to form us cause if one part of the brain didn't work how it does there wouldn't be anyone of us here. I think the author also wrote this chapter because he wants to teach us about the brain. If there was no cerebellum we wouldn't be able to walk straight, touch or feel anything, or turn a page from any book. ''Without the brain stem we wouldn't be able to breathe and without our cerebral cortex, we wouldn't be a human so we wouldn't be alive."
Images: Provide images (at least 3) with captions either from the text itself or about something relevant you learned from reading the text.
This chapter is mostly about the doctors trying to figure out Phineas' brain out. Also importantly they are trying to find out how Phineas is still alive, and still able to do the normal thing we do in our daily lives. The doctors want to find which end the poll hit him and from which side of the head it came out of. Over all they are trying to understand the brain and what's its capable of doing, and which part do what. This is what the main idea. Of ch.2 is mainly about.
VOCABULARY: What important words should the reader know to understand the text? (Use the Glossary to help you.)
1) Daguerreotype: A photograph on a metal plate
"Josiah Hawes sets up his camera in a surgical operating theater and takes a "daguerreotype"" (p.36)
2) Specimen: Individual animal, plant, piece of a mineral
"He is Dr.Bigelow's guest but also his prize specimen." (p.38)
3) Philoprogenitiveness: Parental Love
"If you have a dip or a depression over you Organ of Philoprogenitiveness" (p.56)
4) Phrenology: Detailed study of shaped and size of cranium
"Dr.Gall called up his brain science "Phrenology"" (p.53)
5) Cortex: Link of memory to remember, learn, imagine, read, speak, listen, and dream.
"In the cortex you feel your emotions and you make sense of what your senses are telling you." (p.42)
6) Cerebellum: Part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates
"Without the cerebellum, you couldn't walk upright, touch your finger with you nose, or turn this page." (p.42)
IMPORTANT INFORMATION: What important or significant facts/information should the reader know to understand the chapter? Provide notes (bullet points are okay) about the chapter to inform a potential reader (At least 12 facts - be sure and put information copied in quotation marks and provide a source).
- "Without your cerebellum, you couldn't walk upright, touch your finger to your nose, or turn this page." (pg.27)
- "Without your brain stem, you couldn't breathe." (pg.27)
- "Without your cerebral cortex, you wouldn't be a human." (pg.27)
- Phineas arrives in Boston in January 1850 (p.38)
- The Boston doctors watching Phinease in 1850 haven't a clue about neurons (p.51)
- The local form "subcortical nuclei," which together form "cortical regions," which form "systems," which form "systems of systems," which form you. (p.60)
- “In the winter of 1850, Phineas goes to Boston so the doctors there can see for themselves.”
- “By 1850, all doctors know the gross anatomy of the skeleton, internal organs, muscles, and, of course, the brain.”
- “Robert Hooke, the microscope observer who came up with the name cell in 1665.”
- Doctors originally thought that the brain was divided into 100's of parts and each part of the brain controlled a specific part of the body, “A Phrenological Head is definitely an eye-catcher—bald as a billiard ball and each “organ” carefully outlined and labeled." (p.68)
- Phineas' incident cased a debate between the Whole Brainers and the Localizers about Phineas being their proof, “...Phineas walks into the middle of the debate of the Whole Brainers versus the Localizers. Both sides seize him as proof..."(p.70)
- After Phineas' Cortex was damaged Doctors did not know at all what the Cortex did, “If Phineas survived with a large piece of his cortex destroyed, then what does the cortex do?” (p.64)
AUTHOR'S PURPOSE: Why did the author include this chapter? (Entertain, persuade, inform?)
I think the author wrote this chapter to show the process on how they know the different times of brains, how it works, and how the brain works to form us cause if one part of the brain didn't work how it does there wouldn't be anyone of us here. I think the author also wrote this chapter because he wants to teach us about the brain. If there was no cerebellum we wouldn't be able to walk straight, touch or feel anything, or turn a page from any book. ''Without the brain stem we wouldn't be able to breathe and without our cerebral cortex, we wouldn't be a human so we wouldn't be alive."
Images: Provide images (at least 3) with captions either from the text itself or about something relevant you learned from reading the text.
Doctors in the 1850's operate on a man wearing wool socks and a cotton gown. The Photo was taken in the Massachusetts General Hospital.
Two Human Nerve Cells show off their interactive network in the brain. These nerves are so fine they can not be seen with a regular light microscope. So, a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to take the picture.
This is what a Phrenological Head, supposedly looked like. It was thought, that in the early 1850's that the brain was divided into 100's of pieces and that each pice controlled a different part of the human body and the way that human acted.